Stalactites are secondary mineral formations that grow from the ceilings of limestone caves. They are a sub-class of speleothems, which are mineral deposits formed by …

Stalagmites are secondary mineral formations that grow from the floors of limestone caves. They are a sub-class of speleothems and are created by the deposition …

Limestone is a sedimentary rock primarily composed of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate) and belongs to the chemical and biochemical subclass. This rock often contains …

Chalk is a fine-grained, white sedimentary rock that belongs to the limestone family. It is composed primarily of the microscopic skeletal remains of marine organisms, …

Chert is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that belongs to the chemical and biochemical subclass. It is characterized by its microcrystalline texture, hardness, and conchoidal fracture, …

Travertine is a sedimentary rock and a sub-class of limestone formed primarily by the precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals in hot springs, caves, or other …

Magnesite is a carbonate mineral that belongs to the calcite group. It is composed primarily of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) and is known for its distinctive, …

Onyx is a banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of silica belonging to the quartz family. It is known for its striking parallel bands …