Sapphire, a captivating and highly sought-after variety of corundum, is an aluminum oxide mineral belonging to the hexagonal crystal system. This gemstone is best known …

Ruby is a red variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide known for its exceptional hardness and durability. Belonging to the oxide class and …

Rutile is a titanium dioxide mineral known for its reddish-brown to black color and brilliant adamantine to submetallic luster. Its physical characteristics include well-formed prismatic …

Ilmenite is an iron titanium oxide mineral known for its black or dark brown color and metallic to submetallic luster. Its physical characteristics include well-formed …

Hematite is an iron oxide mineral known for its characteristic reddish-brown to black color and metallic to earthy luster. Its physical characteristics include tabular, botryoidal, …

Periclase is a magnesium oxide mineral known for its transparent to translucent appearance and vitreous to adamantine luster. Its physical characteristics include a well-formed cubic …

Chromite is an iron chromium oxide mineral known for its dark brown to black color and metallic to submetallic luster. The mineral’s physical characteristics include …

Cuprite is a copper oxide mineral known for its striking deep red to reddish-brown color and submetallic to adamantine luster. Belonging to the oxide class, …